Archives for November 2013

How time flies. Almost exactly 5 years ago on November 21st, 2008, I was sitting alone in yet another hotel on a business trip in a city that I can’t even remember. CNN was on TV as I wrote the following in a blog post with the title S&P 500 at 750:

While the present looks bleak, the potential for future returns is looking brighter and brighter for long-term investors. The opposite was true a few years ago. If you’re young and still putting money away, this is a good thing! (Although adequate emergency funds should be your first goal.)

Here are selected comments on that post that I admit gave me some doubt:

However, EPS estimates, and therefore valuations, are ridiculously high.

Putting money into a market that represents the old model right now seems like pure folly.

This bear market will last 3-12 years!

I think it’s funny that many of you are down 50% and think that you will break even in a few years, or justify by saying “I’m for the long term”. […] Also, most of the dividends being advertised are based on fantasy (again), just like the EPS, because companies will be cutting them a lot to survive. So no, the S&P isn’t cheap to buy and buy-and-hold is really dead.

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Speaking of holding municipal bonds, I’ve been catching up on the troubles in Detroit and Puerto Rico. Last month, there was a flurry of articles warning about mutual funds with high exposure to Puerto Rico bonds, as they were yielding over 9% and trading at 60 cents on the dollar. Most junk corporate bonds don’t yield that much! Yet, they still clung to investment-grade status from the major ratings agencies because if they went any lower, the bonds would crash as many mutual funds would be then forced by their mandates to sell the bonds. Don’t you love ratings agencies?

From NY Times:

For example, the $34 billion Vanguard Intermediate Term Tax Exempt fund [VWITX], the biggest muni bond fund, lost more than 5 percent from May through August. And the largest exchange-traded tax-exempt fund, the $3 billion iShares National A.M.T.-Free Muni Bond fund [MUB], lost 8.3 percent in the same period. […]

In late August, it was Puerto Rico’s turn to roil the market. A Barron’s article detailed the territory’s high debt load and an economy that wasn’t producing enough revenue to easily cover that debt. The S.& P. Puerto Rico municipal bond index fell 10 percent over the next two weeks before the bleeding stopped. Still, the index was down 16.4 percent in the first nine months of the year.

As of 11/19/2013, Morningstar reports the trailing YTD total return of MUB was -2.97% and VWITX was -1.43%. From Reuters:

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I would characterize my personal portfolio as 85% passive, 15% active, and 100% low-cost. Why is part of my portfolio managed by people trying to generate “alpha”? Aren’t I supposed to say that index funds are always better? Author and money manager Rick Ferri has a good post about When Active Funds Makes Sense, even he is a well-known index fund advocate.

Here are a few circumstances when I consider an actively managed fund over an index-tracking product:

1. The absence of a diversified low-cost index fund or ETF that tracks the asset class.
2. An active fund is lower in cost than an equally diversified index fund.
3. An active fund has greater diversification than an index product, even if the fee is slightly more.
4. The unique risk I am trying to capture is better suited to active management than in an index-tracking product.

He then discusses in detail a few categories that satisfy these conditions: municipal bonds, high-yield corporate bonds, and value stock strategies. I was particularly interested in the muni bonds part:

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